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We have developed a computer model for the simulation of resistivesuperconducting fault current limiters in three dimensions. The programcalculates the electromagnetic and thermal response of a superconductor to atime-dependent overload voltage, with different possible cooling conditions forthe surfaces, and locally variable superconducting and thermal properties. Wefind that the cryogen boil-off parameters critically influence the stability ofa limiter. The recovery time after a fault increases strongly with thickness.Above a critical thickness, the temperature is unstable even for a smallapplied AC voltage. The maximum voltage and maximum current during a shortfault are correlated by a simple exponential law.Comment: submitted to Superconductor Science and Technology (Dec 2003

Thermal instability and current–voltage scaling in superconducting fault current limiters