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Ionization injection in a plasma wakefield accelerator was investigatedexperimentally using two lithium plasma sources of different lengths. Theionization of the helium gas, used to confine the lithium, injects electrons inthe wake. After acceleration, these injected electrons were observed as adistinct group from the drive beam on the energy spectrometer. They typicallyhave a charge of tens of pC, an energy spread of a few GeV, and a maximumenergy of up to 30 GeV. The emittance of this group of electrons can be manytimes smaller than the initial emittance of the drive beam. The energy scalingfor the trapped charge from one plasma length to the other is consistent withthe blowout theory of the plasma wakefield.

Evidence for high-energy and low-emittance electron beams using ionization injection of charge in a plasma wakefield accelerator