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Recently, we have elucidated the physics of electron fractionalization instrongly interacting electron systems using a $Z_2$ gauge theory formulation.Here we discuss the connection with the earlier U(1) gauge theory approachesbased on the slave boson mean field theory. In particular, we identify therelationship between the holons and Spinons of the slave-boson theory and thetrue physical excitations of the fractionalized phases that are readilydescribed in the $Z_2$ approach.Comment: 4 page

Fractionalization and confinement in theU(1) andZ2gauge theories of strongly correlated systems

Fractionalization and confinement in theU(1) andZ₂gauge theories of strongly correlated systems