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One of the virtues of the Ashtekar variables is the simplification of the initial value constraints for gravity. In the case of self-dual variables this entails a complexification of the phase space which comes at the expense of having to implement reality conditions in the Lorentzian signature case. A reformulation of the theory in terms of real variables eliminates this difficulty, albeit at the expense of having to deal with a more complicated Hamiltonian constraint. The set of available gravitational theories classically equivalent to Einstein's is parametrized by a parameter $\beta$, known as the Immirzi parameter. We rephrase the Hamiltonian constraint into the form of an affine Lie algebra for arbitrary $\beta$, and perform a quantization.

Reformulation of the Hamiltonian constraint of four-dimensional gravity for arbitrary values of the Immirzi parameter via the affine group formalism