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Gravitational waves are predicted by the general theory of relativity. It hasbeen shown that gravitational waves have a nonlinear memory, displacing testmasses permanently. This is called the Christodoulou memory. We proved that theelectromagnetic field contributes at highest order to the nonlinear memoryeffect of gravitational waves, enlarging the permanent displacement of testmasses. In experiments like LISA or LIGO which measure distances of testmasses, the Christodoulou memory will manifest itself as a permanentdisplacement of these objects. It has been suggested to detect theChristodoulou memory effect using radio telescopes investigating small changesin pulsar's pulse arrival times. The latter experiments are based onpresent-day technology and measure changes in frequency. In the present paper,we study the electromagnetic Christodoulou memory effect and compute it forbinary neutron star mergers. These are typical sources of gravitationalradiation. During these processes, not only mass and momenta are radiated awayin form of gravitational waves, but also very strong magnetic fields areproduced and radiated away. Moreover, a large portion of the energy is carriedaway by neutrinos. We give constraints on the conditions, where the energytransported by electromagnetic radiation is of similar or slightly higher orderthan the energy radiated in gravitational waves or in form of neutrinos. Wefind that for coalescing neutron stars, large magnetic fields magnify theChristodoulou memory as long as the gaseous environment is sufficientlyrarefied. Thus the observed effect on test masses of a laser interferometergravitational wave detector will be enlarged by the contribution of theelectromagnetic field. Therefore, the present results are important for theplanned experiments.

The Electromagnetic Christodoulou Memory Effect and its Application to Neutron Star Binary Mergers