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We report the performance of an instrument that employs a torsion balance forprobing a non-standard force in the sub-micrometre range. High sensitivity isachieved by using a torsion balance that has a long torsional period, strongmagnetic damping of all vibrational motions and a feedback system that employsan optical lever. In torsion balance experiments, the distance fluctuationsduring measurements and the accuracy to which the absolute distance isdetermined are crucial for determining the sensitivity of the balance to amacroscopic force in the sub-micrometre range. We have estimated the root meansquare amplitude of the distance fluctuation to be 18 nm by considering theeffects due to seismic motions, tilt motions, residual angular fluctuations andthermal fluctuations. We have also estimated the error of the absolute distanceto be 13 nm and the statistical error of the force to be 3.4$\times$10$^{-12}$N by measuring the electrostatic forces. As a result of this systematic study,we have evaluated the sensitivity of the balance to both a non-standard forceand to the Casimir force.

A torsion balance for probing a non-standard force in the sub-micrometre range