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Energy efficiency is closely related to the evolution of biological systemsand is important to their information processing. In this paper, we calculatedthe excitation probability of a simple model of a bistable biological unit inresponse to pulsatile inputs, and its spontaneous excitation rate due to noiseperturbation. Then we analytically calculated the mutual information, energycost, and energy efficiency of an array of these bistable units. We found thatthe optimal number of units could maximize this array's energy efficiency inencoding pulse inputs, which depends on the fixed energy cost. We conclude thatdemand for energy efficiency in biological systems may strongly influence thesize of these systems under the pressure of natural selection.

Optimal Size for Maximal Energy Efficiency in Information Processing of Biological Systems Due to Bistability