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A potato cannon was designed to accommodate several different experimentalpropellants and have a transparent barrel so the movement of the projectilecould be recorded on high-speed video (at 2000 frames per second). Bothcombustion chamber and barrel were made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Fiveexperimental propellants were tested: propane (C3H8), acetylene (C2H2), ethanol(C2H6O), methanol (CH4O), and butane (C4H10). The amount of each experimentalpropellant was calculated to approximate a stoichometric mixture andconsidering the Upper Flammability Limit (UFL) and the Lower Flammability Limit(LFL), which in turn were affected by the volume of the combustion chamber.Cylindrical projectiles were cut from raw potatoes so that there was anairtight fit, and each weighed 50 (+/- 0.5) grams. For each trial, position asa function of time was determined via frame by frame analysis. Five trials weretaken for each experimental propellant and the results analyzed to computevelocity and acceleration as functions of time. Additional quantities includingforce on the potato and the pressure applied to the potato were also computed.For each experimental propellant, average velocity vs. barrel position curveswere plotted. The most effective experimental propellant was defined as the onewhich accelerated the potato to the highest muzzle velocity. The experimentalpropellant acetylene performed the best on average (138.1 m/s), followed bymethanol (48.2 m/s), butane (34.6 m/s), ethanol (33.3 m/s), and propane (27.9m/s), respectively.

Studying the Internal Ballistics of a Combustion Driven Potato Cannon using High-speed Video