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We report on the masses, sizes, and orbits of the planets orbiting 22 Keplerstars. There are 49 planet candidates around these stars, including 42 detectedthrough transits and 7 revealed by precise Doppler measurements of the hoststars. Based on an analysis of the Kepler brightness measurements, along withhigh-resolution imaging and spectroscopy, Doppler spectroscopy, and (for 11stars) asteroseismology, we establish low false-positive probabilities for allof the transiting planets (41 of 42 have a false-positive probability under1%), and we constrain their sizes and masses. Most of the transiting planetsare smaller than 3X the size of Earth. For 16 planets, the Doppler signal wassecurely detected, providing a direct measurement of the planet's mass. For theother 26 planets we provide either marginal mass measurements or upper limitsto their masses and densities; in many cases we can rule out a rockycomposition. We identify 6 planets with densities above 5 g/cc, suggesting amostly rocky interior for them. Indeed, the only planets that are compatiblewith a purely rocky composition are smaller than ~2 R_earth. Larger planetsevidently contain a larger fraction of low-density material (H, He, and H2O).

Masses, Radii, and Orbits of Small Kepler Planets: The Transition from Gaseous to Rocky Planets