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We present measurements of the Hubble diagram for 103 Type Ia supernovae(SNe) with redshifts 0.04 < z < 0.42, discovered during the first season (Fall2005) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II) Supernova Survey. These datafill in the redshift "desert" between low- and high-redshift SN Ia surveys. Wecombine the SDSS-II measurements with new distance estimates for published SNdata from the ESSENCE survey, the Supernova Legacy Survey, the Hubble SpaceTelescope, and a compilation of nearby SN Ia measurements. Combining the SNHubble diagram with measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the SDSSLuminous Red Galaxy sample and with CMB temperature anisotropy measurementsfrom WMAP, we estimate the cosmological parameters w and Omega_M, assuming aspatially flat cosmological model (FwCDM) with constant dark energy equation ofstate parameter, w. For the FwCDM model and the combined sample of 288 SNe Ia,we find w = -0.76 +- 0.07(stat) +- 0.11(syst), Omega_M = 0.306 +- 0.019(stat)+- 0.023(syst) using MLCS2k2 and w = -0.96 +- 0.06(stat) +- 0.12(syst), Omega_M= 0.265 +- 0.016(stat) +- 0.025(syst) using the SALT-II fitter. We trace thediscrepancy between these results to a difference in the rest-frame UV modelcombined with a different luminosity correction from color variations; thesedifferences mostly affect the distance estimates for the SNLS and HSTsupernovae. We present detailed discussions of systematic errors for bothlight-curve methods and find that they both show data-model discrepancies inrest-frame $U$-band. For the SALT-II approach, we also see strong evidence forredshift-dependence of the color-luminosity parameter (beta). Restricting theanalysis to the 136 SNe Ia in the Nearby+SDSS-II samples, we find much betteragreement between the two analysis methods but with larger uncertainties.

First-year Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II) Supernova Results: Hubble Diagram and Cosmological Parameters