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The parent phases of the Fe-arsenide superconductors harbor anantiferromagnetic ground state. Significantly, the N\'eel transition is eitherpreceded or accompanied by a structural transition that breaks the four foldsymmetry of the high-temperature lattice. Borrowing language from the field ofsoft condensed matter physics, this broken discrete rotational symmetry iswidely referred to as an Ising nematic phase transition. Understanding theorigin of this effect is a key component of a complete theoretical descriptionof the occurrence of superconductivity in this family of compounds, motivatingboth theoretical and experimental investigation of the nematic transition andthe associated in-plane anisotropy. Here we review recent experimental progressin determining the intrinsic in-plane electronic anisotropy as revealed byresistivity, reflectivity and ARPES measurements of detwinned single crystalsof underdoped Fe arsenide superconductors in the "122" family of compounds.

In-plane electronic anisotropy of underdoped "122" Fe-arsenide superconductors revealed by measurements of detwinned single crystals