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Tremendous progress in the science of extrasolar planets has been achievedsince the discovery of a Jupiter orbiting the nearby Sun-like star 51 Pegasi in1995. Theoretical models have now reached enough maturity to predict thecharacteristic properties of these new worlds, mass, radius, atmosphericsignatures, and can be confronted with available observations. We review ourcurrent knowledge of the physical properties of exoplanets, internal structureand composition, atmospheric signatures, including expected biosignatures forexo-Earth planets, evolution, and the impact of tidal interaction and stellarirradiation on these properties for the short-period planets. We discuss themost recent theoretical achievements in the field and the still pendingquestions. We critically analyse the different solutions suggested to explainabnormally large radii of a significant fraction of transiting exoplanets.Special attention is devoted to the recently discovered transiting objects inthe overlapping mass range between massive planets and low-mass brown dwarfs,stressing the ambiguous nature of these bodies, and we discuss the possibleobservable diagnostics to identify these two distinct populations. We alsoreview our present understanding of planet formation and critically examine thedifferent suggested formation mechanisms. We expect the present review toprovide the basic theoretical background to capture the essential of thephysics of exoplanet formation, structure and evolution, and the relatedobservable signatures.

The physical properties of extrasolar planets