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Recent experimental observations at JET show evidence of reduced iontemperature profile stiffness, hypothesised to be due to concomitant lowmagnetic shear (s) and significant toroidal rotational flow shear. Non-lineargyrokinetic simulations are performed, aiming to investigate the physicalmechanism behind the observations. A comprehensive set of simulations arecarried out, comparing the impact on the ion heat flux of various parametersthat differ within the data-set. These parameters include q, s, rotation,effect of rotation on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium, R/L_n, beta_e,Z_eff, and the fast particle content. The effect of toroidal flow shear itselfis not predicted by the simulations to lead to a significant reduction in ionheat flux, due both to an insufficient magnitude of flow shear and significantparallel velocity gradient destabilisation. It is however found that non-linearelectromagnetic effects due to both thermal and fast-particle pressuregradients, even at low beta_e, can significantly reduce the profile stiffness.A total of five discharges are examined, at both inner and outer radii. For allcases studied, the simulated and experimental ion heat flux values agree withinreasonable variations of input parameters around the experimentaluncertainties.

Ion temperature profile stiffness: non-linear gyrokinetic simulations and comparison with experiment