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We describe a new method to determine the position of the atomic cloud duringits interaction with the microwave field in the cavity of a fountain clock. Thepositional information is extracted from the spectrum of the F=3,mF=0 toF=4,mF=-1 hyperfine transition, which shows a position dependent asymmetry whenthe magnetic C-field is tilted by a few degrees with respect to the cavityaxis. Analysis of this spectral asymmetry provides the horizontalcenter-of-mass position for the ensemble of atoms contributing to frequencymeasurements. With an uncertainty on the order of 0.1 mm, the obtainedinformation is useful for putting limits on the systematic uncertainty due todistributed cavity phase gradients. The validity of the new method isdemonstrated through experimental evidence.

Atomic trajectory characterization in a fountain clock based on the spectrum of a hyperfine transition