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A systematic experimental and numerical investigation of the conditions forthe spontaneous formation of laser cavity solitons in broad-areavertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with frequency-selective feedback by avolume Bragg grating is reported. It is shown that the switching thresholds arecontrolled by a combination of frequency shifts induced by ambient temperatureand Joule heating. The gain level has only a minor influence on the thresholdbut controls mainly the power of the solitons. At large initial detuning andhigh threshold gain, the first observed structure can be a high order soliton.In real devices spatial disorder in the cavity length causes a pinning ofsolitons and a dispersion of thresholds. The experimental observations are ingood agreement with numerical simulations taking into account disorder and thecoupling of gain and cavity resonance due to Joule heating. In particular, wedemonstrate that the existence of the traps explain the spontaneous switch onof the solitons,but do not modify the soliton shape significantly, i.e. theobserved solitons are a good approximation of the ones expected in a homogenoussystem.

journal of physics. d, applied physics

Temperature Dependence of Spontaneous Switch-on and Switch-off of Laser  Cavity Solitons in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with  Frequency-Selective Feedback