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The use of femtosecond laser pulses generated by a Ti:Sapphire laser systemallows us to gain an insight into the magnetization dynamics on time scalesfrom sub-picosecond up to 1 ns directly in the time domain. This experimentaltechnique is used to excite a polycrystalline nickel (Ni) film optically andprobe the dynamics afterwards. Different spin wave modes (the Kittel mode,perpendicular standing spin-wave modes (PSSW) and dipolar spin-wave modes(Damon-Eshbach modes)) are identified as the Ni thickness is increased. TheKittel mode allows determination of the Gilbert damping parameter alphaextracted from the magnetization relaxation time tau_alpha. The non-localdamping by spin currents emitted into a non-magnetic metallic layer of vanadium(V), palladium (Pd) and the rare earth dysprosium (Dy) are studied forwedge-shaped Ni films 1 nm-30 nm. The damping parameter increases fromalpha=0.045 intrinsic for nickel to alpha>0.10 for the heavy materials, such asPd and Dy, for the thinnest Ni films below 10 nm thickness. Also, for thethinnest reference Ni film thickness, an increased magnetic damping below 4 nmis observed. The origin of this increase is discussed within the framework ofline broadening by locally different precessional frequencies within the laserspot region.

Intrinsic and non-local Gilbert damping in polycrystalline nickel studied by Ti:Sapphire laser fs spectroscopy