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Ellerman bombs are transient brightenings of the extended wings of the solarBalmer lines in emerging active regions. We describe their properties in theultraviolet lines sampled by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS),using simultaneous imaging spectroscopy in H$\alpha$ with the Swedish 1-m SolarTelescope (SST) and ultraviolet images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory forEllerman bomb detection and identification. We select multiple co-observedEllerman bombs for detailed analysis. The IRIS spectra strengthen the view thatEllerman bombs mark reconnection between bipolar kilogauss fluxtubes with thereconnection and the resulting bi-directional jet located within the solarphotosphere and shielded by overlying chromospheric fibrils in the cores ofstrong lines. The spectra suggest that the reconnecting photospheric gasunderneath is heated sufficiently to momentarily reach stages of ionizationnormally assigned to the transition region and the corona. We also analyzesimilar outburst phenomena that we classify as small flaring arch filaments andascribe to higher-located reconnection. They have different morphology andproduce hot arches in million-Kelvin diagnostics.

Ellerman bombs at high resolution III. Simultaneous observations with IRIS and SST