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Increases of ion fluxes in the keV-MeV range are sometimes observed near theheliospheric current sheet (HCS) during periods when other sources are absent.These resemble solar energetic particle (SEP) events, but the events are weakerand apparently local. Conventional explanations based on either shockacceleration of charged particles or particle acceleration due to magneticreconnection at interplanetary current sheets are not persuasive. We suggestinstead that recurrent magnetic reconnection occurs at the HCS and smallercurrent sheets in the solar wind (Zharkova & Khabarova 2012), of which aconsequence is particle energization by the dynamically evolving secondarycurrent sheets and magnetic islands (Zank et al. 2014; Drake et al. 2006a). Theeffectiveness of the trapping and acceleration process associated with magneticislands depends in part on the topology of the HCS. We show that the HCSpossesses ripples superimposed on the large-scale flat or wavy structure. Weconjecture that the ripples can efficiently confine plasma and providetokamak-like conditions that are favorable for the appearance of small-scalemagnetic islands that merge and/or contract. Particles trapped in the vicinityof merging islands and experiencing multiple small-scale reconnection eventsare accelerated by the induced electric field, and experience first-order Fermiacceleration in contracting magnetic islands (Zank et al. 2014). We presentmulti-spacecraft observations of magnetic island merging and particleenergization in the absence of other sources, providing support for theory andsimulations that show particle energization by reconnection related processesof magnetic island merging and contraction.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Small-scale magnetic islands in the solar wind and their role in  particle acceleration. Part 1: Dynamics of magnetic islands near the  heliospheric current sheet