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We present the design and test results of a compact optical fiberdouble-scrambler for high-resolution Doppler radial velocity instruments. Thisdevice consists of a single optic: a high-index $n$$\sim$2 ball lens thatexchanges the near and far fields between two fibers. When used in conjunctionwith octagonal fibers, this device yields very high scrambling gains andgreatly desensitizes the fiber output from any input illumination variations,thereby stabilizing the instrument profile of the spectrograph and improvingthe Doppler measurement precision. The system is also highly insensitive toinput pupil variations, isolating the spectrograph from telescope illuminationvariations and seeing changes. By selecting the appropriate glass and lensdiameter the highest efficiency is achieved when the fibers are practically incontact with the lens surface, greatly simplifying the alignment process whencompared to classical double-scrambler systems. This prototype double-scramblerhas demonstrated significant performance gains over previous systems, achievingscrambling gains in excess of 10,000 with a throughput of $\sim$87% usinguncoated Polymicro octagonal fibers. Adding a circular fiber to the fiber trainfurther increases the scrambling gain to $>$20,000, limited by laboratorymeasurement error. While this fiber system is designed for the Habitable-zonePlanet Finder spectrograph, it is more generally applicable to otherinstruments in the visible and near-infrared. Given the simplicity and lowcost, this fiber scrambler could also easily be multiplexed for largemulti-object instruments.

An efficient, compact, and versatile fiber double scrambler for high precision radial velocity instruments