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We use $N$-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of encountersbetween an early-type galaxy (ETG) and a late-type galaxy (LTG) to study theeffects of hot halo gas on the evolution for a case with the mass ratio of theETG to LTG of 2:1 and the closest approach distance of $\sim$100 kpc. We findthat the dynamics of the cold disk gas in the tidal bridge and the amount ofthe newly formed stars depend strongly on the existence of a gas halo. In therun of interacting galaxies not having a hot gas halo, the gas and starsaccreted into the ETG do not include newly formed stars. However, in the runusing the ETG with a gas halo and the LTG without a gas halo, a shock formsalong the disk gas tidal bridge and induces star formation near the closestapproach. The shock front is parallel to a channel along which the cold gasflows toward the center of the ETG. As a result, the ETG can accretestar-forming cold gas and newly born stars at and near its center. When bothgalaxies have hot gas halos, a shock is formed between the two gas halossomewhat before the closest approach. The shock hinders the growth of the coldgas bridge to the ETG and also ionizes it. Only some of the disk stars transferthrough the stellar bridge. We conclude that the hot halo gas can givesignificant hydrodynamic effects during distant encounters.

Effects of hot halo gas on the star formation and mass transfer during distant galaxy-galaxy encounters