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(Ultra) Luminous Infrared Galaxies ((U)LIRGs) are objects characterized bytheir extreme infrared (8-1000 $\mu$m) luminosities ($L_{LIRG}>10^{11}$L$_\odot$ and $L_{ULIRG}>10^{12}$ L$_\odot$). The Herschel Comprehensive ULIRGEmission Survey (HerCULES; PI van der Werf) presents a representativeflux-limited sample of 29 (U)LIRGs that spans the full luminosity range ofthese objects (10$^{11}\leq L_\odot \geq10^{13}$). With the \emph{HerschelSpace Observatory}, we observe [CII] 157 $\mu$m, [OI] 63 $\mu$m, and [OI] 145$\mu$m line emission with PACS, CO J=4-3 through J=13-12, [CI] 370 $\mu$m, and[CI] 609 $\mu$m with SPIRE, and low-J CO transitions with ground-basedtelescopes. The CO ladders of the sample are separated into three classes basedon their excitation level. In 13 of the galaxies, the [OI] 63 $\mu$m emissionline is self absorbed. Comparing the CO excitation to the IRAS 60/100 $\mu$mratio and to far infrared luminosity, we find that the CO excitation is morecorrelated to the far infrared colors. We present cooling budgets for thegalaxies and find fine-structure line flux deficits in the [CII], [SiII], [OI],and [CI] lines in the objects with the highest far IR fluxes, but do notobserve this for CO $4\leq J_{upp}\leq13$. In order to study the heating of themolecular gas, we present a combination of three diagnostic quantities to helpdetermine the dominant heating source. Using the CO excitation, the CO J=1-0linewidth, and the AGN contribution, we conclude that galaxies with large COlinewidths always have high-excitation CO ladders, and often low AGNcontributions, suggesting that mechanical heating is important.

The Herschel Comprehensive (U)LIRG Emission Survey (HerCULES): CO Ladders, fine structure lines, and neutral gas cooling