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The formation scenario of a gapped disk, i.e., transitional disk, and itsasymmetry is still under debate. Proposed scenarios such as disk-planetinteraction, photoevaporation, grain growth, anticyclonic vortex, eccentricity,and their combinations would result in different radial distributions of thegas and the small (sub-$\mu$m size) and large (millimeter size) dust grains aswell as asymmetric structures in a disk. Optical/near-infrared (NIR) imagingobservations and (sub-)millimeter interferometry can trace small and large dustgrains, respectively; therefore multi-wavelength observations could helpelucidate the origin of complicated structures of a disk. Here we report SMAobservations of the dust continuum at 1.3~mm and $^{12}$CO~$J=2\rightarrow1$line emission of the pre-transitional protoplanetary disk around the solar-massstar PDS~70. PDS~70, a weak-lined T Tauri star, exhibits a gap in the scatteredlight from its disk with a radius of $\sim$65~AU at NIR wavelengths. However,we found a larger gap in the disk with a radius of $\sim$80~AU at 1.3~mm.Emission from all three disk components (the gas and the small and large dustgrains) in images exhibits a deficit in brightness in the central region of thedisk, in particular, the dust-disk in small and large dust grains hasasymmetric brightness. The contrast ratio of the flux density in the dustcontinuum between the peak position to the opposite side of the disk reaches1.4. We suggest the asymmetries and different gap-radii of the disk aroundPDS~70 are potentially formed by several (unseen) accreting planets inducingdust filtration.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

The Structure of Pre-transitional Protoplanetary Disks. II. Azimuthal  Asymmetries, Different Radial Distributions of Large and Small Dust Grains in  PDS~70