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The existence of fast radio bursts (FRBs), a new type of extragalatictransients, has been established recently and quite a few models have beenproposed. In this work we discuss the possible connection between the FRBsources and ultra-high energy ($>10^{18}$ eV) cosmic rays. We show that in theblitzar model and the model of merging binary neutron stars, the huge energyrelease of each FRB central engine together with the rather high rate of FRBs,the accelerated EeV cosmic rays may contribute significantly to the observedones. In other FRB models including for example the merger of double whitedwarfs and the energetic magnetar radio flares, no significant EeV cosmic rayis expected. We also suggest that the mergers of double neutron stars, even ifthey are irrelevant to FRBs, may play a non-ignorable role in producing EeVcosmic ray protons if supramassive neutron stars were formed in a good fractionof mergers and the merger rate is $\gtrsim 10^{3}~{\rm yr^{-1}~ Gpc^{-3}}$.Such a possibility will be unambiguously tested in the era of gravitationalwave astronomy.

Model-dependent estimate on the connection between fast radio bursts and ultra-high energy cosmic rays