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This is the first in a series of three papers describing a project with theCosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope to measure abundancesof the neutral interstellar medium (ISM) in a sample of 9 nearby star-forminggalaxies. The goal is to assess the (in)homogeneities of the multiphase ISM ingalaxies where the bulk of metals can be hidden in the neutral phase, yet themetallicity is inferred from the ionized gas in the HII regions. The sample,spanning a wide range in physical properties, is to date the best suited toinvestigate the metallicity behavior of the neutral gas at redshift z=0. ISMabsorption lines were detected against the far-ultraviolet spectra of thebrightest star-forming region(s) within each galaxy. Here we report on theobservations, data reduction, and analysis of these spectra. Column densitieswere measured by a multi-component line-profile fitting technique, andneutral-gas abundances were obtained for a wide range of elements. Severalcaveats were considered including line saturation, ionization corrections, anddust depletion. Ionization effects were quantified with `ad-hoc' CLOUDY modelsreproducing the complex photoionization structure of the ionized and neutralgas surrounding the UV-bright sources. An `average spectrum of a redshift z=0star-forming galaxy' was obtained from the average column densities ofunsaturated profiles of neutral-gas species. This template can be used as apowerful tool for studies of the neutral ISM at both low and high redshift.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Investigating Nearby Star-Forming Galaxies in the Ultraviolet with  HST/COS Spectroscopy. I: Spectral Analysis and Interstellar Abundance  Determinations