English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Recent general relativistic MHD simulations have suggested that relativisticjets from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been powered by rotational energyof central black holes. Some mechanisms of extraction of black hole rotationalenergy have been proposed, like the Penrose process, Blandford-Znajekmechanism, MHD Penrose process, and superradiance. The Blandford-Znajekmechanism is the most promising mechanism for the engines of the relativisticjets from AGNs. However, an intuitive interpretation of this mechanism withcausality is not clarified yet, while the Penrose process has a clearinterpretation for the causal energy extraction from the black hole withnegative energy. In this paper, we present a formula to build physicalintuition so that in the Blandford-Znajek mechanism as well as otherelectromagnetic processes, negative electromagnetic energy plays an importantrole to extract the rotational energy of the black holes causally.

Causal extraction of black hole rotational energy by various kinds of electromagnetic fields