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We report deep EVN and eMERLIN observations of the Type Ia SN 2014J in thenearby galaxy M 82. Our observations represent, together with JVLA observationsof SNe 2011fe and 2014J, the most sensitive radio studies of Type Ia SNe ever.By combining data and a proper modeling of the radio emission, we constrain themass-loss rate from the progenitor system of SN 2014J to $\dot{M} \lesssim7.0\times 10^{-10}\, {\rm M_{\odot}\, yr^{-1}}$ (3-$\sigma$; for a wind speedof $100\, {\rm km s^{-1}}$). If the medium around the supernova is uniform,then $n_{\rm ISM} \lesssim 1.3 {\rm cm^3}$ (3-$\sigma$), which is the moststringent limit for the (uniform) density around a Type Ia SN. Our deep upperlimits favor a double-degenerate (DD) scenario--involving two WD stars--for theprogenitor system of SN 2014J, as such systems have less circumstellar gas thanour upper limits. By contrast, most single-degenerate (SD) scenarios, i.e., thewide family of progenitor systems where a red giant, main-sequence, orsub-giant star donates mass to a exploding WD, are ruled out by ourobservations. Our estimates on the limits to the gas density surrounding SN2011fe, using the flux density limits from Chomiuk et al. (2012), agree wellwith their results. Although we discuss possibilities for a SD scenario to passobservational tests, as well as uncertainties in the modeling of the radioemission, the evidence from SNe 2011fe and 2014J points in the direction of aDD scenario for both.

Constraints on the progenitor system and the environs of SN 2014J from deep radio observations