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The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) observed thedistant Earth on three occasions in 2009. These data span a range of phaseangles, including a rare crescent phase view. For each epoch, the satelliteacquired near-infrared and mid-infrared full-disk images, and partial-diskspectra at 0.26-0.65 microns (R~500) and 1.17-2.48 microns (R~50). Spectra showstrong absorption features due to water vapor and ozone, which is abiosignature gas. We perform a significant recalibration of the UV-visiblespectra and provide the first comparison of high-resolution visible Earthspectra to the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratorythree-dimensional spectral Earth model. We find good agreement with theobservations, reproducing the absolute brightness and dynamic range at allwavelengths for all observation epochs, thus validating the model to within the~10% data calibration uncertainty. Data-model comparisons reveal a strong oceanglint signature in the crescent phase dataset, which is well matched by ourmodel predictions throughout the observed wavelength range. This provides thefirst observational test of a technique that could be used to determineexoplanet habitability from disk-integrated observations at visible andnear-infrared wavelengths, where the glint signal is strongest. We examine thedetection of the ozone 255 nm Hartley and 400-700 nm Chappuis bands. While theHartley band is the strongest ozone feature in Earth's spectrum, falsepositives for its detection could exist. Finally, we discuss the implicationsof these findings for future exoplanet characterization missions.

Detection of Ocean Glint and Ozone Absorption Using LCROSS Earth Observations