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[abridged] We present the discovery of four surprisingly bright (H_160 ~ 26 -27 mag AB) galaxy candidates at z~9-10 in the complete HST CANDELS WFC3/IRGOODS-N imaging data, doubling the number of z~10 galaxy candidates that areknown, just ~500 Myr after the Big Bang. Two similarly bright sources are alsodetected in a systematic re-analysis of the GOODS-S data set. Three of the fourgalaxies in GOODS-N are significantly detected at 4.5-6.2sigma in the very deepSpitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron data, as is one of the GOODS-S candidates. Furthermore,the brightest of our candidates (at z=10.2+-0.4) is robustly detected also at3.6 micron (6.9sigma), revealing a flat UV spectral energy distribution with aslope beta=-2.0+-0.2, consistent with demonstrated trends with luminosity athigh redshift. The abundance of such luminous candidates suggests that theluminosity function evolves more significantly in phi_* than in L_* at z>~8with a higher number density of bright sources than previously expected.Despite the discovery of these luminous candidates, the cosmic star formationrate density for galaxies with SFR >0.7 M_sun/yr shows an order-of-magnitudeincrease in only 170 Myr from z ~ 10 to z ~ 8, consistent with previousresults. Based on the IRAC detections, we derive galaxy stellar masses at z~10,finding that these luminous objects are typically 10^9 M_sun. The cosmicstellar mass density at z~10 is log10 rho_* = 4.7^+0.5_-0.8 M_sun Mpc^-3 forgalaxies brighter than M_UV~-18. The remarkable brightness, and henceluminosity, of these z~9-10 candidates highlights the opportunity for deepspectroscopy to determine their redshift and nature, demonstrates the value ofadditional search fields covering a wider area to understand star-formation inthe very early universe, and highlights the opportunities for JWST to map thebuildup of galaxies at redshifts much earlier than z~10.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

The Most Luminous z~9-10 Galaxy Candidates yet Found: The Luminosity  Function, Cosmic Star-Formation Rate, and the First Mass Density Estimate at  500 Myr