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The dynamical evolution of a hierarchical three body system is wellcharacterized by the eccentric Kozai-Lidov mechanism, where the inner orbit canundergo large eccentricity and inclination oscillations. It was shown beforethat starting with a circular inner orbit, large mutual inclination (40-140degree) can produce long timescale modulations that drives the eccentricity toextremely large value and can flip the orbit. Here, we demonstrate thatstarting with an almost coplanar configuration, for eccentric inner and outerorbits, the eccentricity of the inner orbit can still be excited to highvalues, and the orbit can flip by ~180 degree, rolling over its major axis. The~180 degree flip criterion and the flip timescale are described by simpleanalytic expressions that depend on the initial orbital parameters. With tidaldissipation, this mechanism can produce counter-orbiting exo-planetary systems.In addition, we also show that this mechanism has the potential to enhance thetidal disruption or collision rates for different systems.

Eccentricity growth and orbit flip in coplanar hierarchical three body systems