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The gamma-ray-detected blazar 3C 454.3 exhibits dramatic flux andpolarization variations in the optical and near-infrared bands. In December2010, the object emitted a very bright outburst. We monitored it forapproximately four years (including the 2010 outburst) by optical andnear-infrared photopolarimetry. During the 2010 outburst, the object emittedtwo rapid, redder brightenings, at which the polarization degrees (PDs) in bothbands increased significantly and the bands exhibited a frequency-dependentpolarization. The observed frequency-dependent polarization leads us to proposethat the polarization vector is composed of two vectors. Therefore, we separatethe observed polarization vectors into short and long-term components that weattribute to the emissions of the rapid brightenings and the outburst thatvaried the timescale of days and months, respectively. The estimated PD of theshort-term component is greater than the maximum observed PD and is close tothe theoretical maximum PD. We constrain the bulk Lorentz factors andinclination angles between the jet axis and the line of sight from theestimated PDs. In this case, the inclination angle of the emitting region ofshort-term component from the first rapid brightening should be equal to90$^{\circ}$, because the estimated PD of the short-term component wasapproximately equal to the theoretical maximum PD. Thus, the Doppler factor atthe emitting region of the first rapid brightening should be equal to the bulkLorentz factor.

Extremely high polarization in 2010 outburst of blazar 3C 454.3