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The very hard $\gamma$-ray spectrum from distant blazars challenges thetraditional synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model, which may indicate that thereis the contribution of an additional high-energy component beyond the SSCemission. In this paper, we study the possible origin of the hard $\gamma$-rayspectrum from distant blazars. We develop a model to explain the hard$\gamma$-ray spectrum from blazar 1ES 1101-232. In the model, the optical andX-ray radiation would come from the synchrotron radiation of primary electronsand secondary pairs, the GeV emission would be produced by the SSC process,however, the hard $\gamma$-ray spectrum would originate from the decay ofneutral pion produced through proton-photon interactions with the synchrotronradiation photons within the jet. Our model can explain the observed SED of 1ES1101-232 well, especially the very hard $\gamma$-ray spectrum. However, ourmodel requires the very large proton power to efficiently produce the$\gamma$-ray through proton-photon interactions.

The hadronic origin of hard gamma-ray spectrum from blazar 1ES 1101-232