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We present observations and analysis of the host galaxies of 23 heavilydust-obscured gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed by the Swift satellite duringthe years 2005-2009, representing all GRBs with an unambiguous host-frameextinction of A_V>1 mag from this period. Deep observations with Keck, Gemini,VLT, HST, and Spitzer successfully detect the host galaxies and establishspectroscopic or photometric redshifts for all 23 events, enabling us toprovide measurements of the intrinsic host star-formation rates, stellarmasses, and mean extinctions. Compared to the hosts of unobscured GRBs atsimilar redshifts, we find that the hosts of dust-obscured GRBs are (onaverage) more massive by about an order of magnitude and also more rapidlystar-forming and dust-obscured. While this demonstrates that GRBs populate alltypes of star-forming galaxies including the most massive, luminous systems atz~2, at redshifts below 1.5 the overall GRB population continues to show ahighly significant aversion away from massive galaxies and a preference forlow-mass systems relative to what would be expected given a purely SFR-selectedgalaxy sample. This supports the notion that the GRB rate is strongly dependenton metallicity, and may suggest that the most massive galaxies in the Universeunderwent a transition in their chemical properties ~9 Gyr ago. We alsoconclude that, based on the absence of unobscured GRBs in massive galaxies andthe absence of obscured GRBs in low-mass galaxies, the dust distributions ofthe lowest-mass and the highest-mass galaxies are relatively homogeneous, whileintermediate-mass galaxies (~10^9 M_sun) have diverse internal properties.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

A Population of Massive, Luminous Galaxies Hosting Heavily Dust-Obscured  Gamma-Ray Bursts: Implications for the Use of GRBs as Tracers of Cosmic Star  Formation