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In this paper, the cooling of 72 M- and X-class flares is examined usingGOES/XRS and SDO/EVE. The observed cooling rates are quantified and theobserved total cooling times are compared to the predictions of an analytical0-D hydrodynamic model. It is found that the model does not fit theobservations well, but does provide a well defined lower limit on a flare'stotal cooling time. The discrepancy between observations and the model is thenassumed to be primarily due to heating during the decay phase. The decay phaseheating necessary to account for the discrepancy is quantified and found be~50% of the total thermally radiated energy as calculated with GOES. This decayphase heating is found to scale with the observed peak thermal energy. It ispredicted that approximating the total thermal energy from the peak isminimally affected by the decay phase heating in small flares. However, in themost energetic flares the decay phase heating inferred from the model can beseveral times greater than the peak thermal energy.

Decay Phase Cooling and Inferred Heating of M- and X-class Solar Flares