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We present a theoretical analysis of the expected X-ray and gamma-raypolarization signatures resulting from synchrotron self-Compton emission inleptonic models, compared to the polarization signatures from protonsynchrotron and cascade synchrotron emission in hadronic models for blazars.Source parameters resulting from detailed spectral-energy-distribution modelingare used to calculate photon-energy-dependent upper limits on the degree ofpolarization, assuming a perfectly organized, mono-directional magnetic field.In low-synchrotron-peaked blazars, hadronic models exhibit substantially highermaximum degrees of X-ray and gamma-ray polarization than leptonic models, whichmay be within reach for existing X-ray and gamma-ray polarimeters. Inhigh-synchrotron-peaked blazars (with electron-synchrotron-dominated X-rayemission), leptonic and hadronic models predict the same degree of X-raypolarization, but substantially higher maximum gamma-ray polarization inhadronic models than leptonic ones. These predictions are particularly relevantin view of the new generation of balloon-borne X-ray polarimeters (and possiblyGEMS, if revived), and the ability of Fermi-LAT to measure gamma-raypolarization at < 200 MeV. We suggest observational strategies combiningoptical, X-ray, gamma-ray polarimetry to determine the degree of ordering ofthe magnetic field and to distinguish between leptonic and hadronic high-energyemission.

X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Polarization in Leptonic and Hadronic Jet Models of Blazars