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High contrast imaging searches for exoplanets have been conducted on 2.4-10 mtelescopes, typically at H band (1.6 microns) and used exposure times of ~1 hrto search for planets with semi-major axes of > ~10 AU. We are beginning toplan for surveys using extreme-AO systems on the next generation of 30-meterclass telescopes, where we hope to begin probing the habitable zones (HZs) ofnearby stars. Here we highlight a heretofore ignorable problem in directimaging: planets orbit their stars. Under the parameters of current surveys,orbital motion is negligible over the duration of a typical observation.However, this motion is not negligible when using large diameter telescopes toobserve at relatively close stellar distances (1-10pc), over the long exposuretimes (10-20 hrs) necessary for direct detection of older planets in the HZ. Weshow that this motion will limit our achievable signal-to-noise ratio anddegrade observational completeness. Even on current 8m class telescopes,orbital motion will need to be accounted for in an attempt to detect HZ planetsaround the nearest sun-like stars alpha Cen A & B, a binary system now known toharbor at least one planet. Here we derive some basic tools for analyzing thisproblem, and ultimately show that the prospects are good for de-orbiting aseries of shorter exposures to correct for orbital motion.

Direct Imaging in the Habitable Zone and the Problem of Orbital Motion