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We present an analysis of the luminosities and equivalent widths of the 284 z< 0.56 [O II]-emitting galaxies found in the 169 square arcmin pilot survey forthe Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX). By combiningemission-line fluxes obtained from the Mitchell spectrograph on the McDonald2.7-m telescope with deep broadband photometry from archival data, we deriveeach galaxy's de-reddened [O II] 3727 luminosity and calculate its total starformation rate. We show that over the last ~5 Gyr of cosmic time there has beensubstantial evolution in the [O II] emission-line luminosity function, with L*decreasing by ~0.6 +/-0.2 dex in the observed function, and by ~0.9 +/-0.2 dexin the de-reddened relation. Accompanying this decline is a significant shiftin the distribution of [O II] equivalent widths, with the fraction of highequivalent-width emitters declining dramatically with time. Overall, the dataimply that the relative intensity of star formation within galaxies hasdecreased over the past ~5 Gyr, and that the star formation rate density of theuniverse has declined by a factor of ~2.5 between z ~ 0.5 and z ~ 0. Theseobservations represent the first [O II]-based star formation rate densitymeasurements in this redshift range, and foreshadow the advancements which willbe generated by the main HETDEX survey.

The HETDEX Pilot Survey. IV. The Evolution of [O II] Emitting Galaxies from z ~ 0.5 to z ~ 0