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The temperature distribution of the emitting plasma is a crucial constraintwhen studying the heating of solar flare footpoints. However, determining thisfor impulsive phase footpoints has been difficult in the past due toinsufficient spatial resolution to resolve the footpoints from the loopstructures, and a lack of spectral and temporal coverage. We use thecapabilities of Hinode/EIS to obtain the first emission measure distributions(EMDs) from impulsive phase footpoints in six flares. Observations with goodspectral coverage were analysed using a regularized inversion method to recoverthe EMDs. We find that the EMDs all share a peak temperature of around 8 MK,with lines formed around this temperature having emission measures peakingbetween 10^28 and 10^29 cm^-5, indicating a substantial presence of plasma atvery high temperatures within the footpoints. An EMD gradient of EM(T) ~ T isfound in all events. Previous theoretical work on emission measure gradientsshows this to be consistent with a scenario in which the deposited flare energydirectly heats only the top layer of the flare chromosphere, while deeperlayers are heated by conduction.

The emission measure distribution of impulsive phase flare footpoints