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The late-stage evolution of the most massive stars such as {\eta} Carinae iscontrolled by the effects of mass loss, which may be dominated by poorlyunderstood eruptive mass ejections. Understanding this population ischallenging because no true analogs of {\eta} Car have been clearly identifiedin the Milky Way or other galaxies. We utilize Spitzer IRAC images of 7 nearby(=<4 Mpc) galaxies to search for such analogs. We find 34 candidates with aflat or rising mid-IR spectral energy distributions towards longer mid-infraredwavelengths that emit 10^5 L_sun in the IRAC bands (3.6 to 8.0 micron) and arenot known to be background sources. Based on our estimates for the expectednumber of background sources, we expect that follow-up observations will showthat most of these candidates are not dust enshrouded massive stars, with anexpectation of only 6+-6 surviving candidates. Since we would detect trueanalogs of {\eta} Car for roughly 200 years post-eruption, this implies thatthe rate of eruptions like {\eta} Car is less than the ccSN rate. It ispossible, however, that every M > 40 M_sun star undergoes such eruptions givenour initial results. In Paper II we will characterize the candidates throughfurther analysis and follow-up observations, and there is no barrier toincreasing the galaxy sample by an order of magnitude.

Finding {\eta} Car Analogs in Nearby Galaxies Using Spitzer: I. Candidate Selection