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High-precision astrometry can identify exoplanets and measure their orbitsand masses, while coronagraphic imaging enables detailed characterization oftheir physical properties and atmospheric compositions through spectroscopy. Ina previous paper, we showed that a diffractive pupil telescope (DPT) in spacecan enable sub-microarcsecond accuracy astrometric measurements from wide-fieldimages by creating faint but sharp diffraction spikes around the bright targetstar. The DPT allows simultaneous astrometric measurement and coronagraphicimaging, and we discuss and quantify in this paper the scientific benefits ofthis combination for exoplanet science investigations: identification ofexoplanets with increased sensitivity and robustness, and ability to measureplanetary masses to high accuracy. We show how using both measurements toidentify planets and measure their masses offers greater sensitivity andprovides more reliable measurements than possible with separate missions, andtherefore results in a large gain in mission efficiency. The combinedmeasurements reliably identify potentially habitable planets in multiplesystems with a few observations, while astrometry or imaging alone wouldrequire many measurements over a long time baseline. In addition, the combinedmeasurement allows direct determination of stellar masses to percent-levelaccuracy, using planets as test particles. We also show that the DPT maintainsthe full sensitivity of the telescope for deep wide-field imaging, and istherefore compatible with simultaneous scientific observations unrelated toexoplanets. We conclude that astrometry, coronagraphy, and deep wide-fieldimaging can be performed simultaneously on a single telescope withoutsignificant negative impact on the performance of any of the three techniques.

Simultaneous Exoplanet Characterization and deep wide-field imaging with a diffractive pupil telescope