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We present observations of the unusual optical transient SN 2010U, includingspectra taken 1.03 days to 15.3 days after maximum light that identify it as afast and luminous Fe II type nova. Our multi-band light curve traces the fastdecline (t_2 = 3.5 days) from maximum light (M_V = -10.2 mag), placing SN 2010Uin the top 0.5% of the most luminous novae ever observed. We find typicalejecta velocities of approximately 1100 km/s and that SN 2010U shares manyspectral and photometric characteristics with two other fast and luminous Fe IItype novae, including Nova LMC 1991 and M31N-2007-11d. For the extremeluminosity of this nova, the maximum magnitude vs. rate of decline relationshipindicates a massive white dwarf progenitor with a low pre-outburst accretionrate. However, this prediction is in conflict with emerging theories of novapopulations, which predict that luminous novae from massive white dwarfs shouldpreferentially exhibit an alternate spectral type (He/N) near maximum light.

The Unusually Luminous Extragalactic Nova SN 2010U