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We present a comprehensive observational study of the gas phase metallicityof star-forming galaxies from z ~ 0 -> 3. We combine our new sample ofgravitationally lensed galaxies with existing lensed and non-lensed samples toconduct a large investigation into the mass-metallicity (MZ) relation at z > 1.We apply a self-consistent metallicity calibration scheme to investigate themetallicity evolution of star-forming galaxies as a function of redshift. Thelensing magnification ensures that our sample spans an unprecedented range ofstellar mass (3*10^{7}-6*10^{10} M_sun). We find that at the median redshift ofz=2.07, the median metallicity of the lensed sample is 0.35 dex lower than thelocal SDSS star-forming galaxies and 0.18 dex lower than the z ~ 0.8 DEEP2galaxies. We also present the z ~ 2 MZ relation using 19 lensed galaxies. Amore rapid evolution is seen between z ~ 1->3 than z ~ 0 -> 1 for the high-massgalaxies (10^{9.5-11} M_sun), with almost twice as much enrichment between z ~1 -> 3 than between z ~ 1 -> 0. We compare this evolution with the most recentcosmological hydrodynamic simulations with momentum driven winds. We find thatthe model metallicity is consistent with the observed metallicity within theobservational error for the low mass bins. However, for higher masses, themodel over-predicts the metallicity at all redshifts. The over-prediction ismost significant in the highest mass bin of 10^{10-11} M_sun.

The Metallicity Evolution of Star-Forming Galaxies from Redshift 0 to 3: Combining Magnitude Limited Survey with Gravitational Lensing