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Using data from the mid-infrared to millimeter wavelengths for individualgalaxies and for stacked ensembles at 0.5<z<2, we derive robust estimates ofdust masses (Mdust) for main sequence (MS) galaxies, which obey a tightcorrelation between star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (M*), and forstar-bursting galaxies that fall outside that relation. Exploiting thecorrelation of gas to dust mass with metallicity (Mgas/Mdust -Z), we use ourmeasurements to constrain the gas content, CO-to-H2 conversion factors (a_co)and star formation efficiencies (SFE) of these distant galaxies. Using largestatistical samples, we confirm that a_co and SFE are an order of magnitudehigher and lower, respectively, in MS galaxies at high redshifts compared tothe values of local galaxies with equivalently high infrared luminosities. Forgalaxies within the MS, we show that the variations of specific star formationrates (sSFR=SFR/M*) are driven by varying gas fractions. For relatively massivegalaxies like those in our samples, we show that the hardness of the radiationfield, <U>, which is proportional to the dust mass weighted luminosity(LIR/Mdust), and the primary parameter defining the shape of the SED, isequivalent to SFE/Z. For MS galaxies we measure this quantity, <U>, showingthat it does not depend significantly on either the stellar mass or the sSFR.This is explained as a simple consequence of the existing correlations betweenSFR-M*, M*-Z and Mgas-SFR. Instead, we show that <U> (or LIR/Mdust) doesevolve, with MS galaxies having harder radiation fields and thus warmertemperatures as redshift increases from z=0 to 2, a trend which can also beunderstood based on the redshift evolution of the M*-Z and SFR-M* relations.These results motivate the construction of a universal set of SED templates forMS galaxies which vary as a function of redshift with only one parameter, <U>.

The Evolving Interstellar Medium of Star Forming Galaxies Since z=2 as Probed by Their Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions