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We advance the modeling of rubble-pile solid bodies by re-examining the tidalbreakup of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, an event that occurred during a 1.33 Jupiterradii encounter with that planet in July 1992. Tidal disruption of the cometnucleus led to a chain of sub-nuclei about 100-1000 m in diameter; these wenton to collide with the planet two years later (Chodas & Yeomans 1996). Theywere intensively studied prior to and during the collisions, making SL9 thebest natural benchmark for physical models of small body disruption. For thefirst time in the study of this event, we use numerical codes treatingrubble-piles as collections of polyhedra (Korycansky & Asphaug 2009). Thisintroduces forces of dilatation and friction, and inelastic response. As in ourprevious studies (Asphaug & Benz 1994,1996) we conclude that the progenitormust have been a rubble-pile, and we obtain approximately the same pre-breakupdiameter (about 1.5 km) in our best fits to the data. We find that theinclusion of realistic fragment shapes leads to grain locking and dilatancy, sothat even in the absence of friction or other dissipation we find thatdisruption is overall more difficult than in our spheres-based simulations. Weconstrain the comet's bulk density at about 300-400 kg/m^3, half that of ourspheres-based predictions and consistent with recent estimates derived fromspacecraft observations.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Numerical modeling of the disruption of Comet D/1993 F2 Shoemaker-Levy 9  representing the progenitor by a gravitationally bound assemblage of randomly  shaped polyhedra