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We analyze rest-frame optical morphologies and gas-phase kinematics as tracedby rest-frame far-UV and optical spectra for a sample of 204 star forminggalaxies in the redshift range z ~ 2-3 drawn from the Keck Baryonic StructureSurvey (KBSS). We find that spectroscopic properties and gas-phase kinematicsare closely linked to morphology: compact galaxies with semi-major axis radii r<~ 2 kpc are substantially more likely than their larger counterparts toexhibit LyA in emission. Although LyA emission strength varies widely withingalaxies of a given morphological type, all but one of 19 galaxies with LyAequivalent width W_LyA > 20 Angstroms have compact and/or multiple-componentmorphologies with r <= 2.5 kpc. The velocity structure of absorption lines inthe galactic continuum spectra also varies as a function of morphology.Galaxies of all morphological types drive similarly strong outflows (as tracedby the blue wing of interstellar absorption line features), but the outflows oflarger galaxies are less highly ionized and exhibit larger optical depth at thesystemic redshift that may correspond to a decreasing efficiency of feedback inevacuating gas from the galaxy. This v ~ 0 km/s gas is responsible both forshifting the mean absorption line redshift and attenuating W_LyA (via a longerresonant scattering path) in galaxies with larger rest-optical half lightradii. In contrast to galaxies at lower redshifts, there is no evidence for acorrelation between outflow velocity and inclination, suggesting that outflowsfrom these puffy and irregular systems may be poorly collimated. (Abbrev.)

An HST/WFC3-IR Morphological Survey of Galaxies at z = 1.5-3.6: II. The Relation between Morphology and Gas-Phase Kinematics