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We derive the exact drift velocity of plasma in the pulsar polar cap, incontrast to the order-of-magnitude expressions presented by Ruderman &Sutherland (1975) and generally used throughout the literature. We emphasizethat the drift velocity depends not on the absolute value, as is generallyused, but on the variation of the accelerating potential across the polar cap.If we assume that drifting subpulses in pulsars are indeed due to this plasmadrift, several observed subpulse-drift phenomena that are incompatible with theRuderman & Sutherland family of models can now be explained: we show thatvariations of drift rate, outright drift reversals, and the connection betweendrift rates and mode changes have natural explanations within the frame of the"standard" pulsar model, when derived exactly. We apply this model for driftingsubpulses to the case of PSR B0826-34, an aligned pulsar with two separatesubpulse-drift regions emitted at two different colatitudes. Carefulmeasurement of the changing and reversing drift rate in each band independentlysets limits on the variation of the accelerating potential drop. The derivedvariation is small, ~10^{-3} times the vacuum potential drop voltage. Wediscuss the implications of this result for pulsar modeling.

On plasma rotation and drifting subpulses in pulsars; using aligned pulsar B0826-34 as a voltmeter