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The Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) aboard the Solar and HeliosphericObservatory observed the transits of Mercury on 2003 May 7 and 2006 November 8.Contact times between Mercury and the solar limb have been used since the 17thcentury to derive the Sun's size but this is the first time that high-qualityimagery from space, above the Earth's atmosphere, has been available. Unlikeother measurements this technique is largely independent of optical distortion.The true solar radius is still a matter of debate in the literature as measureddifferences of several tenths of an arcsecond (i.e., about 500 km) areapparent. This is due mainly to systematic errors from different instrumentsand observers since the claimed uncertainties for a single instrument aretypically an order of magnitude smaller. From the MDI transit data we find thesolar radius to be 960".12 +/- 0".09 (696,342 +/- 65 km). This value isconsistent between the transits and consistent between different MDI focussettings after accounting for systematic effects.

Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits