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A propagation model of galactic cosmic protons through the Heliosphere wasimplemented using a 2-D Monte Carlo approach to determine the differentialintensities of protons during the solar cycle 23. The model includes theeffects due to the variation of solar activity during the propagation of cosmicrays from the boundary of the heliopause down to Earth's position. Drifteffects are also accounted for. The simulated spectra were found in agreementwith those obtained with experimental observations carried out by BESS, AMS andPAMELA collaborations. In addition, the modulated spectrum determined with thepresent code for the year 1995 exhibits the latitudinal gradient and equatorialsouthward offset minimum found by Ulysses fast scan in 1995.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Systematic Investigation of Solar Modulation of Galactic Protons for  Solar Cycle 23 using a Monte Carlo Approach with Particle Drift Effects and  Latitudinal Dependence