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We present a ~ 1" (100 pc) resolution 12CO (3-2) map of the nearbyintermediate stage interacting galaxy pair NGC 4038/9 (the Antennae galaxies)obtained with the Submillimeter Array. We find that half the CO (3-2) emissionoriginates in the overlap region where most of the tidally induced starformation had been previously found in shorter wavelength images, with the restbeing centered on each of the nuclei. The gross distribution is consistent withlower resolution single dish images, but we show for the first time thedetailed distribution of the warm and dense molecular gas across this galaxypair at resolutions comparable to the size of a typical giant molecularcomplex. While we find that 58% (33/57) of the spatially resolved GiantMolecular Associations (GMAs; a few x 100 pc) are located in the overlapregion, only \leqq 30% spatially coincides with the optically detected starclusters, suggesting that the bulk of the CO (3-2) emission traces the regionswith very recent or near future star formation activity. The spatialdistribution of the CO (3-2)/CO (1-0) integrated brightness temperature ratiosmainly range between 0.3 and 0.8, which suggests that on average the CO (3-2)line in the Antennae is not completely thermalized and similar to the averagevalues of nearby spirals. A higher ratio is seen in both nuclei and thesouthern complexes in the overlap region. Higher radiation field associatedwith intense star formation can account for the nucleus of NGC 4038 and theoverlap region, but the nuclear region of NGC 4039 show relatively little starformation or AGN activities and cannot be easily explained. We show kinematicalevidence that the high line ratio in NGC 4039 is possibly caused by gas inflowinto the counter-rotating central disk.

astrophysical journal/the astrophysical journal

Unveiling the physical properties and kinematics of molecular gas in the  Antennae Galaxies (NGC 4038/9) through high resolution CO (J = 3-2)  observations