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We present the discovery and mass measurement of the cold, low-mass planetMOA-2009-BLG-266Lb, made with the gravitational microlensing method. Thisplanet has a mass of m_p = 10.4 +- 1.7 Earth masses and orbits a star of massM_* = 0.56 +- 0.09 Solar masses at a semi-major axis of a = 3.2 (+1.9 -0.5) AUand an orbital period of P = 7.6 (+7.7 -1.5} yrs. The planet and host star massmeasurements are enabled by the measurement of the microlensing parallaxeffect, which is seen primarily in the light curve distortion due to theorbital motion of the Earth. But, the analysis also demonstrates the capabilityto measure microlensing parallax with the Deep Impact (or EPOXI) spacecraft ina Heliocentric orbit. The planet mass and orbital distance are similar topredictions for the critical core mass needed to accrete a substantial gaseousenvelope, and thus may indicate that this planet is a "failed" gas giant. Thisand future microlensing detections will test planet formation theorypredictions regarding the prevalence and masses of such planets.

Discovery and Mass Measurements of a Cold, 10-Earth Mass Planet and Its Host Star