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Significant advances have been made in the understanding of the diffuseGalactic hard X-ray continuum emission using data from the INTEGRALobservatory. The diffuse hard power-law component seen with the INTEGRAL/SPIspectrometer has been identified with inverse-Compton emission fromrelativistic (GeV) electrons on the cosmic microwave background and Galacticinterstellar radiation field. In the present analysis, SPI data from 2003 to2009, with a total exposure time of ~ 10^8 s, are used to derive the Galacticridge hard X-ray spatial distribution and spectrum between 20 keV and 2.4 MeV.Both are consistent with predictions from the GALPROP code. The good agreementbetween measured and predicted emission from keV to GeV energies suggests thatthe correct production mechanisms have been identified. We discuss thepotential of the SPI data to provide an indirect probe of the interstellarcosmic-ray electron distribution, in particular for energies below a few GeV.

Diffuse emission measurement with INTEGRAL/SPI as indirect probe of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons